Chehlum in Zanzibar - A Legacy of Azadari Across Generations

Chehlum of Imam Husain (A.S.) marks the culmination of the mourning period for the martyrs of Karbala who gave their lives to safeguard the essence of Islam. In Zanzibar, this occasion has for generations carried a depth and spirit unlike anywhere else. Every year, mourners come together on the island – from mainland Tanzania, Kenya, the Gulf, Europe and the Americas. Some arrive for the first time, experiencing the powerful atmosphere of Arbaeen in Zanzibar; for many others, it is a cherished annual return, filled with deep spiritual connection. For two days, the town is immersed in Azadari, where the laments of Ya Husain (A.S.) echoes continuously, transforming the island into what many have called a “mini Karbala” where every corner reflects the memory of the tragedy of Karbala.

What sets Zanzibar apart is the way the commemorations gradually build up. In earlier times, the nights leading to Chehlum were filled with majlis in homes and mehfils, rekindling the grief of Ashura and preparing the community for the sacred days ahead. By the eve of Arbaeen, the entire town seemed draped in black, with alams and mehmils covered in solemn black cloth and hearts prepared for remembrance.

The processions became defining features of Zanzibar’s history. The Zuljanah, clad in black with arrows and armour symbolized the tragedy of Karbala as it passed through the narrow alleys of Stone Town. Little girls walked in long rows carrying Hz. Aliasgher’s jhoola (cradle) chanting elegies with innocence that pierced the heart. Azadars performed saf matam and zanjeer matam with fervour while nauhas filled the night air. At every turn mehfils such as Mehfil Abbas and Mehfil-e-Shahe Khorasan hosted majlis, matam and recitations keeping alive the grief and lessons of Karbala.

The wider public of Zanzibar - Africans, Arabs, Asians and Europeans alike would line the streets in respectful silence bearing witness to the mournful processions and partaking in the “sabeels of sharbat” offered at every turn. These gatherings became a hallmark of Zanzibar’s heritage, where devotion, memory and service converged in a way that has left a lasting imprint on the community’s identity.

It is this enduring legacy that has continued to shape the spirit of the Khoja Shia Ithna’asheri community in Zanzibar. Generation after generation has drawn strength, identity and resilience from the remembrance of Karbala. Azadari here is not only an act of mourning but a living tradition of loyalty to Imam Husain (A.S.) - a bond that ties the community to the values of sacrifice, justice and steadfast faith.

What began as gatherings in humble homes and narrow streets has now become a beacon of remembrance that resonates far beyond the island. Zanzibar’s commemorations have inspired countless hearts across Africa and the wider diaspora reminding us that the message of Karbala knows no boundaries of place or time. It is a heritage that nurtures both spirituality and service, ensuring that the memory of Imam Husain (A.S.) is not only preserved but passed on with love and devotion to every new generation.

May Allah (SWT) accept the tears, service and sacrifices of all Azadars and grant us the honour of keeping this noble tradition of Azadari alive in every Jamaat across Africa and beyond.

With humility, we remember the past leaders and volunteers of Zanzibar Jamaat whose tireless efforts carried this legacy forward and we pray for all Marhumeen of Zanzibar Jamaat and the wider community. Let us recite Sura-e-Fateha for their maghfirah. Al-Fateha.

SECRETARIAT

ARCHIVES SECTION OF THE AFRICA FEDERATION

29^th August 2025 / 5^th Rabiul Awwal 1447 AH